9 Early Warning Signs and Symptoms of Avian Influenza to Watch For
Avian influenza (bird flu) is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects birds but can also infect humans in rare cases. Early detection of symptoms is crucial for prompt medical intervention. Here are nine warning signs of avian influenza that you should be aware of:
1. High Fever (Above 38°C / 100.4°F)
One of the most common symptoms of avian influenza in humans is a sudden high fever. The fever often exceeds 38°C (100.4°F) and may be accompanied by chills and excessive sweating. If you develop a persistent high fever, especially after contact with birds or poultry, seek medical attention immediately.
2. Severe Cough and Respiratory Issues
Patients infected with bird flu frequently experience a dry or productive cough, sometimes with mucus or even blood. This can quickly progress to shortness of breath, wheezing, or difficulty breathing. In severe cases, the infection can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), requiring hospitalization.
3. Sore Throat and Hoarseness
Many individuals with avian influenza suffer from a painful sore throat that makes swallowing difficult. Hoarseness or loss of voice can also occur as the virus irritates the throat and upper respiratory tract.
4. Muscle Aches and Extreme Fatigue
Similar to seasonal flu, bird flu can cause severe muscle pain (myalgia), joint pain, and extreme tiredness. Patients often feel weak and exhausted, sometimes even struggling to perform daily activities.
5. Headache and Dizziness
A persistent headache is another common early symptom. Some individuals also experience dizziness, confusion, or difficulty concentrating, which could indicate that the infection is affecting the central nervous system.
6. Runny or Stuffy Nose
Unlike seasonal flu, which often starts with a runny nose, avian flu infections may or may not cause nasal symptoms. However, some patients report nasal congestion or a runny nose in the early stages.
7. Gastrointestinal Symptoms (Nausea, Vomiting, and Diarrhea)
In some cases, avian influenza can affect the digestive system. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and watery diarrhea, sometimes leading to dehydration. These symptoms are more common in severe infections.
8. Red, Watery, or Inflamed Eyes (Conjunctivitis)
Bird flu can also cause eye infections (conjunctivitis), leading to redness, swelling, excessive tearing, and a burning sensation in the eyes. This symptom is more commonly reported in people who have had direct contact with infected birds.
9. Difficulty Breathing and Chest Pain
As the infection progresses, severe pneumonia may develop, causing chest pain, rapid breathing, and a bluish tint to the lips and fingertips due to oxygen deprivation. If you experience any of these symptoms, seek medical care immediately.
When to Seek Medical Help?
If you or someone you know develops any of these symptoms—especially after exposure to birds, live poultry markets, or farms—seek medical attention right away. Early detection and antiviral treatment can reduce the severity of the illness and improve survival rates.