Signs you should know
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that plays a big role in your health. It produces hormones that regulate your metabolism, energy, mood, and even your heart rate. When your thyroid isn’t functioning properly — whether it’s underactive (hypothyroidism) or overactive (hyperthyroidism) — your body will let you know. Here are 10 warning signs to watch out for:
1. Unexplained Fatigue or Weakness
What it could mean:
Low energy and constant tiredness despite enough rest could signal hypothyroidism. Your metabolism slows down when your thyroid is underactive.
Why it matters:
This isn’t just “normal tiredness.” Persistent fatigue affects your daily productivity and mental clarity.
2. Sudden Weight Changes
What it could mean:
Unexplained weight gain may suggest hypothyroidism, while rapid weight loss (without trying) can be a sign of hyperthyroidism.
Why it matters:
Thyroid hormones are key to how your body burns calories. Imbalances can disrupt your body’s fat and energy management.
3. Sensitivity to Cold or Heat
What it could mean:
Feeling cold all the time? It could mean your thyroid is underactive. On the flip side, if you’re always hot and sweating excessively, it might be overactive.
Why it matters:
Your thyroid helps regulate body temperature. Imbalances can throw off your internal thermostat.
4. Dry Skin and Hair or Hair Thinning
What it could mean:
Brittle hair, thinning hair (especially at the eyebrows), and dry, flaky skin often point to hypothyroidism.
Why it matters:
Your thyroid affects skin renewal and hair growth. A hormonal imbalance can affect your outer appearance.
5. Mood Swings or Depression/Anxiety
What it could mean:
Hypothyroidism can cause depression, while hyperthyroidism can trigger anxiety, restlessness, or irritability.
Why it matters:
Thyroid hormones influence brain chemistry. If your mood shifts dramatically without reason, it’s worth checking your thyroid.
6. Irregular Menstrual Cycles or Fertility Issues
What it could mean:
Heavy or irregular periods are common with hypothyroidism, while lighter or missed periods may occur with hyperthyroidism. Both can lead to fertility challenges.
Why it matters:
Thyroid hormones are closely tied to reproductive health in both men and women.
7. Constipation or Digestive Issues
What it could mean:
Sluggish digestion and constipation are typical with hypothyroidism, while diarrhea or frequent bowel movements may indicate hyperthyroidism.
Why it matters:
The thyroid affects metabolism and digestive motility. Pay attention to long-term changes in bowel habits.
8. Slow Heart Rate or Palpitations
What it could mean:
An unusually slow heart rate may signal hypothyroidism. If you experience a racing heart or palpitations, it may be due to hyperthyroidism.
Why it matters:
The thyroid plays a major role in heart function. Don’t ignore changes in your heartbeat.
9. Swelling in the Neck (Goiter)
What it could mean:
A visible swelling at the base of your neck may indicate an enlarged thyroid (goiter), which could result from iodine deficiency or autoimmune thyroid disease.
Why it matters:
A goiter may cause pressure in the throat, hoarseness, or trouble swallowing.
10. Memory Issues or Trouble Concentrating (Brain Fog)
What it could mean:
Difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, or mental fog are common with both hyper- and hypothyroidism.
Why it matters:
If your brain feels “sluggish” or you’re forgetting simple things, your thyroid may be the culprit.
Final Tip: When to See a Doctor
If you notice several of these symptoms — especially fatigue, weight changes, and mood swings — it’s time to consult a healthcare provider. A simple blood test (TSH, T3, T4) can check your thyroid function and guide the next steps.